Vocabulary 6 - what matter is made of

1.Element: a basic building block of matter; a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

2.Compound: a chemical combination of two or more elements into a single substance.

3.Atom: the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element.

4.Proton: a particle with a negative charge moving around the nucleos of an atom.

5.Neutron: an uncharged particle in the nucleos of an atom.

6. Electron: a particle with a negative charge moving around the nucleos of an atom.

7.Nucleos: the dense center part of an atom.

8.Molecule: a group of more tha ¡n one atom joined together that acts like a single particle.

Vocabulary 5- What matter is

1.Mass: the amount of matter in an object.

2.Volume: the amount of space and bject takes up.

3.Weight: (on earth) a measure of the force of gravity between earth and an object.

                                                    

4.Density:  a measure of how tightly packet matter is;the amount of mass contained in a given volume.

5.Buoyancy: the upward push on an object by the liquid (or gas) the object is placed.

6.Conduct: allow heat or electricity to flow through readily.

7.Insulate: not allow geat or electricity to flow through readily.

                                                               

Album 1: Invisible light

INTRODUCTION

In this album you can learn about the types of the invisible light, the invisible light travels in waves that are : long and short, for example :

Radio waves:  are type of electromagnetic with wavelenghts in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light.

Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may cover a part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves can reflect off the ionosphere and travel around the world, and much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel on a line of sight.

Micro waves: are electromagnetic waves with waveslenghts ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one milimeter.As a conscuence, practical micowaves techine tends to move away from the describe resitor capacitors and inductors used with lower frequebcy radio wave.Vaccum tube devices operate on the ballistic motion of electrons.

Infrared light: is electromagnetic radiaton with a wavelenght ,700-400 billions of a meter.Infrared light wavelenghts are longer that of visible light,but shorter than that terahertz  radiation microwaves.Bright sunlight  provides and irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter at sea level.Of this energy,527 watts is infrared radiation,445 watts is visible light,and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation.

Ultraviolet Light:  is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than x-rays,UV light is found in sunlight and is imitted electric areas and specialized light such as black light. Beneficial effects,it is in a part beneficial for example:

it gives to the body, vitamin D.

But also it can damage our eyes, some recomendations, use sunscreen when you go outside.

X rays: is a form of electromagnetic radiation have a wavelength They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays.

  X-rays were first observed and documented in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German scientist who found them quite by accident when experimenting with vacuum tubes.

The Earth's atmosphere is thick enough that virtually no X-rays are able to penetrate from outer space all the way to the Earth's surface. This is good for us but also bad for astronomy - we have to put X-ray telescopes and detectors on satellites! We cannot do X-ray astronomy from the ground.

Gamma rays: is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency (very short wavelength).They are produced by sub-atomic particle intractions such as electron-position amilition and other. When a gamma ray passes through matter, the probality for absortion in a thin layer is proportioinal ina thin layer to the thickness of that layer.In the past, the distinction between X-rays and gamma rays was based on energy (or equivalently frequency or wavelength), with gamma rays being considered a higher-energy version of X-rays. However, modern high-energy (megavoltage) X-rays produced by linear accelerators ("linacs") for megavoltage treatment, in cancer radiotherapy usually have higher energy than gamma rays produced by radioactive gamma decay.

Blue rays:also known comoBlu-ray Disc or BD is an optical disc format new generation of 12 cm in diameter (like the CD and DVD) for high-definition video and high data storage density. Their storage capacity reaches a layer 25 GB and 50 GB dual-layer, although there are a greater capacity.

CONCLUSION

In my conclusion i think that in this topic we can learn for example: that ultraviolet is bad and good for our body, and how to take care of it and who was the scientist who found the x-rays.

Vocabulary 2 Light and Lenses - Topic 5

1. Opaque: completly blocking light from passing through.

2. transparent: letting all light through,so that objects on the other side can be seen clearly.

3. translucent: letting only some light trough,so that objects on the other side appear blurry.

4. polarization: allowing light vibrations to pass through in only one direction.

5. refraction: the bending of light raysas they pass from one substance into another.

6. convex lens: a lens that curves outward (is thicker at the middle than at the edges)and brings light rays together.

7. concave lens: a lens that curves inward (is thicker at the edges than at the middle) and spreads light rays apart.

Vocabulary 1 Light and Mirrors

1. Bioluminescence: light produced by living organisms.

2.  Light ray: a straight line beam of light as it travels outward from its source.

3.  Law of Reflection: the angle of an incoming light ray equals the angleof the reflected ray.

4.  Concave mirror : a mirror that curves in on the shiny side.

5.  Convex mirror: a mirror that curves out on the shiny side.